Marine and freshwater crab meals in diets for red porgy (Pagrus pagrus): effect on growth,fish composition and skin colour

River crab (RC) meal (Procambarus clarkii) and marine crab (MC) meal (Chaceon affinis) were tested as a partial replacement for fish meal in diets for red porgy (Pagrus pagrus), and their effects on growth performance, fish proximate composition and skin colouration were evaluated. Red porgy were fed during 165 days with five diets. High‐quality fish meal diet was used as a control diet (CD). Protein of fish meal in the control was replaced by increasing the dietary levels of protein derived from RC and MC by up to 10% and 20% of each of them (RC10, RC20, MC10 and MC20). Fish fed on MC20 showed the highest values in feed intake, weight gain and growth (%). No differences were found in FCR and protein efficiency ratio among the treatments. Inclusion of both crab meals in diets significantly decreased the lipid content in whole fish compared with the control animals. On the other hand, no differences in muscle composition were found between the diets. Feeding both crab meals resulted in colour improvement compared with that of the control fish, with better hue values for the RC meal group than those for the MC meal group. The crab meals tested in the present study are suitable as a partial replacement for fish meal in diets for the red porgy, with the MC meal improving growth and both crabs meals improving skin colour, with further improvements in skin colour produced in fish‐fed diets containing the RC meal.     

The pigmenting effect of different carotenoids on fancy carp (Cyprinus carpio)

The optimal concentration of a panel of individual and combined carotenoid sources on skin pigmentation in fancy carp was investigated by nine experimental diets that were formulated and supplemented with astaxanthin at 25 mg kg^?1, lutein at 25 and 50 mg kg^?1, β‐carotene at 25, 50 and 75 mg kg^?1, and lutein combined with β‐carotene at 25 : 25 and 50 : 50 mg kg^?1, while a diet without supplemented carotenoid served as a control. The results showed that serum TC of fish fed diets containing supplemented with lutein plus β‐carotene at 25 : 25; 50 : 50 mg kg^?1 and lutein 50 mg kg^?1 diet were higher than the other treatments (P ≤ 0.05). Serum TC of the respective treatments was 6.2 ± 2.0, 7.8 ± 3.3 and 7.3 ± 1.9 μg mL^?1 serum, respectively. Fish fed diets combined with lutein and β‐carotene at 25 : 25, 50 : 50 mg kg^?1 and lutein 50 mg kg^?1 diet had serum astaxanthin concentrations similar to fish fed the diet with astaxanthin alone at 25 mg kg^?1. Serum astaxanthin concentrations was 0.7 ± 0.01, 0.9 ± 0.01, 0.4 ± 0.02 and 1.7 ± 0.18 μg mL^?1 serum, respectively. The chromaticity of fish body skin of red and white position was assessed by colourimetry using the CIE L*a*b (CIELAB) system. Pigmentation response of skin redness of fancy carp fed with diets combined with lutein and β‐carotene at 25 : 25, 50 : 50 mg kg^?1 and lutein 50 mg kg^?1 were higher than other treatments (P ≤ 0.05) but they were similar to fish fed with 25 mg kg^?1 astaxanthin diet. The redness (a* values) of fish fed diets with diets combined with lutein and β‐carotene at 25 : 25, 50 : 50 mg kg^?1 and lutein 50 mg kg^?1 were 28.3 ± 0.53, 29.9 ± 1.38, 28.8 ± 3.95 and 28.5 ± 2.49, respectively. After 3 weeks of feeding the experimental diets, the fish fed on a diet without carotenoid supplement for one week demonstrated that the same three groups still retained their redness and had an overall tendency to improve skin colouring. Finally, concentrations 50 mg kg^?1 of lutein, or the combination of lutein and β‐carotene at 25 : 25 mg kg^?1 showed the highest efficiency for improving skin pigmentation and redness of skin.     

河豚鱼皮明胶提取工艺研究

研究从无毒河豚鱼皮下脚料中提取鱼明胶的最佳工艺。考察氢氧化钠浓度、硫酸浓度、预处理时间等因素对明胶提取率及性能的影响，确定最佳前处理工艺为分别以8倍0．2％氢氧化钠水溶液浸泡2h，洗净后以0．3％硫酸水溶液浸泡1h；考察河豚鱼皮明胶提取温度、提取时间、溶剂用量对鱼明胶强度及得率的影响，确定最佳的提取工艺为加4倍量水，在...     

海城地区杨树烂皮病的突发原因及其对策

辽宁省海城地区2011年突发的杨树烂皮病,危害严重,面积达2549hm2,阐述了杨树烂皮病发生危害情况,分析了突发原因,提出了防治对策。     

烟台市富士苹果上苹果锈果类病毒分子变异分析

为明确苹果锈果类病毒(Apple scar skin viroid,ASSVd)在烟台市富士苹果上的变异情况,通过特异性引物对携带苹果锈果类病毒的富士嫩叶进行ASSVd全长扩增,利用生物学软件DNAMAN对所得变异序列进行分析并构建系统进化树。结果表明,从130个样品中筛选到36个阳性样品,36个阳性样品中共克隆获得52条329~333 nt的ASSVd变异序列,其中30个阳性样品含2条或2条以上的ASSVd序列。对所得变异序列进行序列比对发现,同一样品不同克隆间核苷酸序列相似性为94.0%~100.0%,所有变异序列核苷酸序列相似性为94.0%~99.7%,与Gen Bank中来自不同国家或地区的10条ASSVd分离物核苷酸序列相似性为88.3%~99.7%。将序列相似性低于97.0%的12条变异序列进行系统进化分析,结果显示除了333 nt变异序列ZS2-6与伊朗苹果分离物在同一分支外,其余11条变异序列位于同一分支。52条变异序列多序列比对发现,变异位点主要集中在TL区、P区和C区。研究表明烟台市富士苹果上ASSVd存在一定的分子变异。     

基于转录组测序挖掘仿刺参“化皮病”相关基因

为了寻找仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)养殖期间的"化皮病"关键调控基因,并分析这些基因所参与的信号通路,对本课题组前期已获得的仿刺参"化皮"I期(早期)、II期(中期)和III期(后期)3个阶段的病变及其同一个体正常体壁组织之间的差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs)进行进一步分析。主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)结果显示,"化皮"II期病变组织与正常组织之间的差异最小,"化皮"I期与III期表达关系比较接近,"化皮"II期是一个"转折期"。KEGG富集分析结果显示,补体与凝血级联(Complement and coagulation cascades)通路和细胞外基质受体(ECM-receptor interaction)通路在"化皮"3个阶段都显著改变。通过构建"化皮"过程关键差异表达基因调控网络,发现Ig GFc-binding protein(Fc GBP)基因和Tenascin(TN)蛋白家族基因在"化皮"不同阶段参与到发生显著变化的信号通路。q RT-PCR验证结果显示,5个DEGs在仿刺参"化皮"不同阶段表达趋势与RNA-Seq结果一致,皮尔逊相关系数r值为0.7714。"化皮"过程关键调控基因的筛选将为抗逆品种选育以及"化皮病"的防控提供科学依据。     

山羊皮肤新microRNA的挖掘

已有证据表明,microRNA在动物皮毛发育和形态发生过程中发挥重要的作用.在山羊皮肤microRNA的研究中,数据库不完善仍是限制其功能研究的主要原因.本研究以山羊基因组为参考,对高通量测序中未注释的占总reads 5.40%的数据,使用Mireap软件预测的方法进行数据挖掘,并对新的microRNA的长度、表达量、基因组定位、靶基因预测及KEGG pathway进行分析.研究预测到28个新的microRNA,其长度分布与已知山羊、牛等动物的分布一致.对表达量统计表明,表达量在100以上的有4个,最高的是Novel-15,达到555;表达量在10~100的有19个;低于10的有5个.基因组定位研究表明,新microRNA在山羊染色体上分布均匀,在5、6、7、19和X染色体上分别有两个microRNA被定位.预测和分析得到6 519个靶基因.KEGG分析结果表明,有3 552个靶基因定位到51条通路中,占前3位的通路是Metabolic pathways、Pathways in cancer、MAPK signaling pathway.本研究发掘了更多山羊的microRNA,为今后山羊皮肤发育调控的研究奠定了基础.     

黄鳝皮肤白蛋白的纯化及性质

通过阴离子交换层析和凝胶过滤层析,从黄鳝(Monopterus albus)皮肤中得到其白蛋白,命名为MAA-skin.该蛋白为单链蛋白质,相对分子质量为67 ×103,经Schiff's试剂鉴定为非糖蛋白,其N-末端氨基酸序列为GHVKW.用纯化的黄鳝血清白蛋白(MAA -serum)为免疫原免疫大白兔,制备抗MAA...     

酶法提取猕猴桃皮和渣中果胶的工艺研究

[目的]去除猕猴桃皮和渣中的淀粉和蛋白质,提取并制备膳食食用果胶。[方法]通过单因素和正交试验设计,分别确定0.4%淀粉酶和0.4%胰蛋白酶提取猕猴桃皮和渣中果胶的适宜工艺条件。[结果]0.4%淀粉酶可有效去除猕猴桃皮和渣中的淀粉,其适宜工艺条件为：料液比1∶10.0,50℃下酶解60 min;0.4%胰蛋白酶可有效去除猕猴桃皮和渣中的蛋白质,其适宜工艺条件为：料液比1∶10.0,35℃下酶解60 min。在最佳工艺条件下,经离心、浓缩得到果胶,其中猕猴桃皮和渣中的果胶得率分别为3.10%和1.39%。[结论]通过改良酶法,建立了猕猴桃皮和渣中果胶提取的适宜工艺。